V2EX civil liberties

Civil Liberties

定义 Definition

civil liberties 指“公民自由/公民基本自由”,通常是指个人在法律保障下免受政府不当干预的基本权利与自由,例如言论自由、宗教自由、出版与集会自由、隐私权、正当法律程序等。(相关但不同于 civil rights,后者更强调“平等权利/不受歧视的权利”。)

发音 Pronunciation (IPA)

/svl lbrtiz/

例句 Examples

Civil liberties are protected by the constitution.
公民自由受宪法保护。

In times of crisis, governments may expand surveillance, raising concerns that civil liberties could be eroded without strong legal safeguards.
在危机时期,政府可能扩大监控,这会引发担忧:如果缺乏强有力的法律保障,公民自由可能被逐步削弱。

词源 Etymology

civil 来自拉丁语 civilis(“公民的、城邦的”),与 civis(“公民”)相关;liberty 来自拉丁语 libertas(“自由”)。合在一起,civil liberties 强调“作为公民在公共法律框架下享有的自由”,尤其常用于政治、宪政与法学语境。

相关词Related Words

文学与著作 Literary Works

  • John Stuart Mill, On Liberty(《论自由》):虽不总以该固定短语出现,但对“个人自由与国家权力边界”的讨论是现代“公民自由”概念的重要思想来源。
  • Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America(《论美国的民主》):讨论民主社会中的自由、法治与公民生活,对“公民自由”的制度条件有大量分析。
  • George Orwell, 1984(《一九八四》):以极权监控与思想控制的反乌托邦情境,常被用于讨论“公民自由被侵蚀”的主题。
  • The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) 相关文集与案例汇编:在法律与公共政策写作中高频出现该短语,集中呈现其在现实法律争议中的具体含义。
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