V2EX item-response-theory

Item Response Theory

释义 Definition

项目反应理论:一种用于教育测量与心理测量的统计框架,用来描述“被试的潜在能力/特质(latent trait)”与“在题目上的作答概率”之间的关系。常用于考试题目分析、自适应测验(CAT)、量表编制与等值(equating)等。(也常简称 IRT。)

发音 Pronunciation

/atm rspns θri/
/atm rspns θri/

例句 Examples

Item response theory helps test designers see which questions are too easy or too hard.
项目反应理论帮助测验设计者看出哪些题目过易或过难。

Using item response theory, researchers estimated both item difficulty and student ability on the same scale, improving score comparability across test forms.
研究者使用项目反应理论,在同一量尺上同时估计题目难度与学生能力,从而提升不同试卷之间分数的可比性。

词源 Etymology

该术语由三部分构成:item(题目/条目)+ response(反应/作答)+ theory(理论)。其命名直观强调:研究对象是“对题目(item)的作答反应(response)”,并以系统模型(theory)来解释作答行为与潜在能力之间的关系。IRT 在20世纪中后期随着现代测量理论与计算方法的发展而广泛成熟与应用。

相关词 Related Words

文献与著作 Literary Works

  • Frederic M. Lord《Applications of Item Response Theory to Practical Testing Problems
  • Susan E. Embretson & Steven P. Reise《Item Response Theory for Psychologists
  • Ronald K. Hambleton, Hariharan Swaminathan 等《Fundamentals of Item Response Theory
  • Frank B. Baker《The Basics of Item Response Theory
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