请教一下 flask+sqlalchemy+mysql 连接错误问题

在本地调试 docker-compose 调试 mysql+nginx+flask 程序，报错(2003, "Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' ([Errno 111] Connection refused)")。

线索如下：

• Flask app 运行地址: 0.0.0.0:5000
• 已将 mysql.cnf 中的bind-address改为0.0.0.0，并在容器里面确认过更改成功
• 使用 MySQLWorkbench 可以成功连接到 localhost 数据库
• SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://root:[email protected]:3306/my_database?charset=utf8'

期待回复，非常感谢！

完整的错误日志：

webapp_1 | The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: webapp_1 | webapp_1 | Traceback (most recent call last): webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 135, in handle webapp_1 | self.handle_request(listener, req, client, addr) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/sync.py", line 176, in handle_request webapp_1 | respiter = self.wsgi(environ, resp.start_response) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1997, in __call__ webapp_1 | return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1985, in wsgi_app webapp_1 | respOnse= self.handle_exception(e) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1540, in handle_exception webapp_1 | reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 33, in reraise webapp_1 | raise value webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1982, in wsgi_app webapp_1 | respOnse= self.full_dispatch_request() webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1614, in full_dispatch_request webapp_1 | rv = self.handle_user_exception(e) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1517, in handle_user_exception webapp_1 | reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 33, in reraise webapp_1 | raise value webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1612, in full_dispatch_request webapp_1 | rv = self.dispatch_request() webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1598, in dispatch_request webapp_1 | return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args) webapp_1 | File "/iodock/app/auth/views.py", line 58, in register webapp_1 | if form.validate_on_submit(): webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask_wtf/form.py", line 101, in validate_on_submit webapp_1 | return self.is_submitted() and self.validate() webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/wtforms/form.py", line 310, in validate webapp_1 | return super(Form, self).validate(extra) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/wtforms/form.py", line 152, in validate webapp_1 | if not field.validate(self, extra): webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/wtforms/fields/core.py", line 204, in validate webapp_1 | stop_validation = self._run_validation_chain(form, chain) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/wtforms/fields/core.py", line 224, in _run_validation_chain webapp_1 | validator(form, self) webapp_1 | File "/iodock/app/auth/forms.py", line 31, in validate_email webapp_1 | if UserBaseInfo.query.filter_by(email=field.data).first(): webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 2755, in first webapp_1 | ret = list(self[0:1]) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 2547, in __getitem__ webapp_1 | return list(res) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 2855, in __iter__ webapp_1 | return self._execute_and_instances(context) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 2876, in _execute_and_instances webapp_1 | close_with_result=True) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packges/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 2885, in _get_bind_args webapp_1 | **kw webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 2867, in _connection_from_session webapp_1 | cOnn= self.session.connection(**kw) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 998, in connection webapp_1 | execution_optiOns=execution_options) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 1003, in _connection_for_bind webapp_1 | engine, execution_options) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 403, in _connection_for_bind webapp_1 | cOnn= bind.contextual_connect() webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2112, in contextual_connect webapp_1 | self._wrap_pool_connect(self.pool.connect, None), webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2151, in _wrap_pool_connect webapp_1 | e, dialect, self) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1465, in _handle_dbapi_exception_noconnection webapp_1 | exc_info webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 203, in raise_from_cause webapp_1 | reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=cause) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 186, in reraise webapp_1 | raise value.with_traceback(tb) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2147, in _wrap_pool_connect webapp_1 | return fn() webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 387, in connect webapp_1 | return _ConnectionFairy._checkout(self) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 766, in _checkout webapp_1 | fairy = _ConnectionRecord.checkout(pool) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 516, in checkout webapp_1 | rec = pool._do_get() webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 1138, in _do_get webapp_1 | self._dec_overflow() webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/langhelpers.py", line 66, in __exit__ webapp_1 | compat.reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 187, in reraise webapp_1 | raise value webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 1135, in _do_get webapp_1 | return self._create_connection() webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 333, in _create_connection webapp_1 | return _ConnectionRecord(self) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 461, in __init__ webapp_1 | self.__connect(first_connect_check=True) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/pool.py", line 651, in __connect webapp_1 | cOnnection= pool._invoke_creator(self) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/strategies.py", line 105, in connect webapp_1 | return dialect.connect(*cargs, **cparams) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 393, in connect webapp_1 | return self.dbapi.connect(*cargs, **cparams) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pymysql/__init__.py", line 94, in Connect webapp_1 | return Connection(*args, **kwargs) webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pymysql/connections.py", line 325, in __init__ webapp_1 | self.connect() webapp_1 | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pymysql/connections.py", line 630, in connect webapp_1 | raise exc webapp_1 | sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (pymysql.err.OperationalError) (2003, "Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' ([Errno 111] Connection refused)")