下面的代码中,为什么 elems[i]的结果是 undefined? - V2EX
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manyfreebug

下面的代码中,为什么 elems[i]的结果是 undefined?

  •  
  •   manyfreebug May 21, 2019 3800 views
    This topic created in 2535 days ago, the information mentioned may be changed or developed.
    下面的代码中,为什么 elems[i]的结果是 undefined? 
    代码及运行效果也可在 JS Bin 中查看:https://jsbin.com/tixujoyibu/edit?html,css,js,console,output 
    <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>JS Bin</title> </head> <body> <div class="link"> <a href="#">壹</a> <a href="#">贰</a> <a href="#">叁</a> <a href="#">肆</a> </div> </body> </html> 
    var elems = document.getElementsByTagName("a"); for(var i = 0; i < elems.length; i++ ){ elems[i].addEventListener("click",function(){ console.log("i = " + i); //运行结果:"I am link # undefined",为什么得到的 elems[i]是 undefined 呢? console.log("I am link # " + elems[i]); }); } 
    8 replies    2019-05-22 18:08:21 +08:00
    rabbbit
        1
    rabbbit  
       May 21, 2019
    for(var i = 0; i < elems.length; i++ ){
    ->
    for(let i = 0; i < elems.length; i++ ){

    知识点: 作用域 闭包
    ted94
        2
    ted94  
       May 21, 2019 via Android
    闭包。你都有输出 i 了。
    molvqingtai
        3
    molvqingtai  
       May 21, 2019
    把 var 改为 let
    wi
        4
    wi  
       May 21, 2019
    闭包,for 执行完之后 i == elems.length
    iugo
        5
    iugo  
       May 21, 2019   1
    作为初中教师资格证持有者, 详解一下:

    ```
    for(var i = 0; i < 4; i++){
    elems[i].addEventListener("click",function(){
    console.log("i = " + i);
    });
    }
    ```

    1. 当 for 循环执行时, 在外层作用域定义了一个 i, 初始值是 0.
    2. 事件监听函数会从外部引入一个变量 i. (所谓闭包)
    3. 每次 i < 4 判断成功之后, 都执行一次 i++, 所以 i = 3 时, 后面跟着执行了 i++, 此时 i = 4. 下次再判断时不再成立, 所以 i 停留在 4.
    4. 数组长度为 4, 只有 0,1,2,3. 所以 elems[4] 就是 undefined.

    或许换成以下这样你能理解:

    ```
    var i = 0;
    for(; i < 4; i++){
    elems[i].addEventListener("click", test);
    }
    function test(){
    console.log("i = " + i);
    }
    ```
    brust
        6
    brust  
       May 22, 2019
    把 var i 换成 let i
    chenyu0532
        7
    chenyu0532  
       May 22, 2019
    自从看了 var let 的区别,反正我是完全抛弃了 var
    manyfreebug
        8
    manyfreebug  
    OP
       May 22, 2019
    都提到了闭包,看来是我没掌握闭包
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