V2EX tensile test

Tensile Test

定义 Definition

拉伸试验/拉力试验:一种材料力学测试方法,把试样在拉力作用下逐渐拉伸直至发生屈服、颈缩或断裂,用来测定抗拉强度(tensile strength)屈服强度(yield strength)延伸率(elongation)弹性模量(Young’s modulus)等性能。(在工程与材料科学中最常见的意思;在不同标准下具体步骤与计算略有差别。)

发音 Pronunciation

/tnsal tst/

例句 Examples

The lab ran a tensile test on the steel wire.
实验室对钢丝进行了拉伸试验。

After the tensile test, the polymer showed high elongation but low tensile strength, suggesting it is flexible yet not very strong.
拉伸试验后,这种聚合物表现出较高的延伸率但较低的抗拉强度,说明它很柔韧但不够结实。

词源 Etymology

tensile 来自拉丁语 tendere(“拉伸、伸展”)相关词根,表达“能被拉伸的/与拉伸有关的”。test 源自拉丁语 testum(“陶罐”),早期与“试金/检验”有关,后来引申为“测试、试验”。合起来 tensile test 就是“用于检验材料在拉伸状态下表现的试验”。

相关词 Related Words

文学与著作中的用例 Literary & Notable Works

  • ASTM E8/E8M Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials(金属材料拉伸试验的经典标准之一)
  • ISO 6892-1 Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at room temperature(国际通用的金属拉伸试验标准)
  • Callister & Rethwisch, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction(材料科学入门教材,系统讲解拉伸试验与应力-应变曲线)
  • Gere & Goodno, Mechanics of Materials(材料力学教材,常以拉伸试验数据讲解强度与变形)
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